The fracking boom that forever changed the Appalachian Basin positively impacted the U.S. economy, but may have missed the mark for the local communities in Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia where the natural gas was extracted, according to a recent report conducted by the Ohio River Valley Institute.

The report studied the economic impact fracking had on 22 natural gas-producing counties at the forefront of the Marcellus and Utica shale gas boom over the last decade. It found that many counties lost jobs and population while seeing small increases in personal income.

Many local officials and Ohio’s oil and gas industry are pushing back at the report’s findings, saying it cherry-picked data to fit a narrative and the author doesn’t understand the Ohio River Valley.

Learn more: Farm and Dairy > Report: Appalachian fracking boom didn’t deliver